Liver disease, detailing relevant liver-related tests, their normal values
Hepatitis
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- Hepatitis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Often elevated, indicating liver inflammation.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- Hepatitis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Typically elevated, reflecting liver damage.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- Hepatitis Value: Normal to elevated
- Difference: May be normal or slightly elevated.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- Hepatitis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Increased bilirubin due to liver inflammation.
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
- Normal Value: <10 ng/mL
- Hepatitis Value: Normal
- Difference: Not typically used for Hepatitis.
Cirrhosis
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- Cirrhosis Value: Elevated or normal
- Difference: Often elevated or normal, depending on the stage.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- Cirrhosis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Usually elevated, more so than ALT in advanced stages.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- Cirrhosis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Often elevated, indicating bile duct damage.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- Cirrhosis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Increased due to liver dysfunction and bile buildup.
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
- Normal Value: <10 ng/mL
- Cirrhosis Value: Normal to elevated
- Difference: Elevated if cirrhosis progresses to liver cancer.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- NAFLD Value: Elevated
- Difference: Often elevated due to fat accumulation.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- NAFLD Value: Elevated
- Difference: May be elevated, less so than ALT.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- NAFLD Value: Normal to slightly elevated
- Difference: Usually normal or mildly elevated.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- NAFLD Value: Normal
- Difference: Typically normal.
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
- Normal Value: <10 ng/mL
- NAFLD Value: Normal
- Difference: Not typically affected by NAFLD.
Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- ALD Value: Elevated
- Difference: Often significantly elevated due to liver damage from alcohol.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- ALD Value: Elevated
- Difference: Typically elevated, often more than ALT.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- ALD Value: Normal to elevated
- Difference: May be normal or elevated depending on the liver damage extent.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- ALD Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver damage and dysfunction.
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
- Normal Value: <10 ng/mL
- ALD Value: Normal
- Difference: Not typically affected by ALD.
Liver Cancer
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- Liver Cancer Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver damage or tumor.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- Liver Cancer Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated, similar to ALT.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- Liver Cancer Value: Elevated
- Difference: Often elevated if there’s bile duct involvement or metastasis.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- Liver Cancer Value: Elevated
- Difference: Increased due to liver dysfunction.
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
- Normal Value: <10 ng/mL
- Liver Cancer Value: Elevated
- Difference: Significantly elevated in liver cancer.
Hemochromatosis
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- Hemochromatosis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver damage from iron overload.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- Hemochromatosis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver damage.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- Hemochromatosis Value: Normal to slightly elevated
- Difference: Usually normal or mildly elevated.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- Hemochromatosis Value: Normal
- Difference: Typically normal.
- Serum Ferritin
- Normal Value: 12-300 ng/mL (Men) / 12-150 ng/mL (Women)
- Hemochromatosis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to iron overload.
- Transferrin Saturation
- Normal Value: 20-50%
- Hemochromatosis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated indicating excessive iron absorption.
Wilson’s Disease
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- Wilson’s Disease Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver damage.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- Wilson’s Disease Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver damage.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- Wilson’s Disease Value: Normal
- Difference: Typically normal.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- Wilson’s Disease Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver dysfunction.
- Serum Ceruloplasmin
- Normal Value: 20-35 mg/dL
- Wilson’s Disease Value: Low
- Difference: Low due to impaired copper metabolism.
- Serum Copper
- Normal Value: 70-140 mcg/dL
- Wilson’s Disease Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to copper accumulation.
- 24-hour Urinary Copper
- Normal Value: <40 mcg/24 hours
- Wilson’s Disease Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to copper buildup.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- PBC Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver inflammation.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- PBC Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver inflammation.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- PBC Value: Elevated
- Difference: Significantly elevated due to bile duct damage.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- PBC Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver dysfunction.
- Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies
- Normal Value: Negative
- PBC Value: Positive
- Difference: Positive indicating autoimmune damage.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
- ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 7-56 U/L
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver inflammation.
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
- Normal Value: 10-40 U/L
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver inflammation.
- ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
- Normal Value: 44-147 U/L
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Value: Normal to elevated
- Difference: May be normal or mildly elevated.
- Bilirubin (Total)
- Normal Value: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Value: Elevated
- Difference: Elevated due to liver dysfunction.
- ANA (Anti-Nuclear Antibodies)
- Normal Value: Negative
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Value: Positive
- Difference: Positive indicating autoimmune activity.
- SMA (Smooth Muscle Antibodies)
- Normal Value: Negative
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Value: Positive
- Difference: Positive indicating autoimmune activity.
These tables provide a snapshot of how various liver diseases impact laboratory test values and help in distinguishing between different liver conditions.
